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Does Islam allow the wife to have the power to divorce her husband?
Islam has not established marriage in such a way. Islam has legislated marriage in a manner that gives the husband the right of divorce, as well as the financial obligations and other responsibilities.
A woman knows she cannot have children and tells this to the man who wants to marry her, and the man still agrees to the marriage. They draw up a marriage contract where she stipulates that he must not divorce her unless she betrays him, commit adultery or he finds a more beautiful wife. Years later, the man divorces her anyway on the grounds that she cannot have children. Is the divorce valid?
If the mentioned condition was part of the marriage contract, the divorce is not valid, and the woman is still his wife, based on the mentioned details.
According to Shia Islamic law, does the woman have the right to divorce herself from her husband?
No, she does not have this right. However, if the wife stipulates a condition in the marriage contract that she will be his agent in her own divorce in such a way that she cannot be discharged from such an appointment and the husband agreed to this, then she can divorce herself on behalf of her husband. She can also divorce herself on behalf of her husband, if she makes it a condition in the marriage contract that if the husband travels and disappears during his travel, she will be his agent in reciting the divorce formula.
Can a wife divorce her husband due to his infertility, without his consent?
She can ask him to divorce her, but she cannot divorce herself.
Can I divorce my wife based on the fact that I do not like her or should there be other reasons?
The divorce is the right of the husband. In order to be fair, one should not choose to divorce his wife unless it is necessary. It is better to try to fix the relationship with the wife as much as possible, since a divorced woman is subjected to social and psychological harm more than a divorced man.
Is it necessary that the divorce be pronounced in Arabic, or can it be conducted in another language?
Divorce is not correct if it is not in the Arabic language, except if it is not possible to pronounce the divorce formula in Arabic.
If one cannot pronounce the divorce formula in Arabic does he need to assign an agent (wakil) to do so?
No, it is not necessary to appoint an agent; if he is not able to pronounce it in Arabic, then he may do so in another language.
If the court grants divorce to a couple, will this be acceptable as religious divorce?
If the divorce did not take place according to the Sharia, then in order for it to be valid it must be undertaken in the way prescribed by the Sharia, including pronouncing the formula of divorce. A written document is not sufficient.
If a woman obtains a Khula divorce from the court, without the pronouncing of the formula of divorce, is such a divorce valid?
The said is not sufficient in the establishing of any divorce, including a khula divorce; the religiously-prescribed formula (sighah) is necessary, in addition to the fulfillment of other conditions of such a divorce which are mentioned in the books of Islamic laws.
If a man divorces his wife by saying, “If you want a divorce, here it is,” is this divorce valid? Do they require a marriage contract again to remarry?
Divorce has a number of conditions for it to be valid; one of them is the recitation of the divorce formula like “Anti Ṭāliq” which means “you are divorced”. The recitation should be in the presence of two ʿādil witnesses Another condition is that the woman should not be in her menstruation period.
If these conditions are met, the divorce is correct. If one of them is not met the divorce has not taken place and the woman is still his wife, and therefore she does not require a new marriage contract in order to return to her marital relationship. She then can return to her husband without any doubt.
If a married girl is not willing to continue her married life, if she runs away forever and does not return, will she be considered divorced or will she remain in wedlock to her husband?
Her running away is not sufficient as a divorce. She is still considered as married. We advise her to try to solve the conflicts with her husband with reason and wisdom, and avoid any actions that have negative consequences.