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I usually prefer to be clean before I pray. Is it possible for me to perform the ghusl of janaba instead of wudhu even when I am not in the state of janaba before I offer my prayers?
The ghusls are ordained by the Sharia for particular causes and circumstances. If they are not present, then the ghusl is not legislated. For example, the ghusl of janaba is only for those in the state of janaba, and the ghusl of Friday is only related to Friday. In order to be clean for prayers, a shower or bath can be taken, but this will not be sufficient to enter the prayer. Wudhu will be necessary before prayers.
When one urinates after ejaculation for the purposes of istibrā, and afterwards some drops of blood are seen to be discharged too, is the istibrā correct and is the ghusl performed afterwards correct too? Or should one wait until the drops of blood stop?
If he performs istibrā from semen by urinating, the process of istibrā is correct, even if blood was discharged after that. He can then perform ghusl and ensure tahir water reaches all parts of his body. Similarly, if the blood stops for a short period of time and he performed ghusl during that time, the ghusl is correct even if blood is discharged after that.
If after finishing ghusl, I remember that my leg was najis before I started ghusl, will I have to repeat the ghusl again completely? Is it sufficient to make only my leg tahir and wash that part only with the intention of ghusl?
It is sufficient to purify your leg and wash it, with the intention of ghusl.
(a) If she has a habit of duration, then it is obligatory not to offer the prayers and not to have sexual intercourse with her husband for the number of days that corresponds to her menstruation period. If she continues to see blood after this period, then as an obligatory precaution she should do the same for a further day. She may continue to do so until the completion of the ten days. The remaining period of discharge is considered to be as Istihadha.
(b) If she does not a habit of duration, she should observe the above mentioned rulings for ten days. The remaining period of discharge is considered to be as Istihadha, and based on an obligatory precaution she should observe the rules of the woman during lochia (Nifas) for the completion of eighteen days.
If the miscarried fetus was not recognized as a child, like if it is a clot or lump of flesh, then based on an obligatory precaution she should offer the prayers based on the appropriate level of Istihadha and refrain from performing what is prohibited on the woman during lochia (Nifas).
If she does not a habit of duration, she should observe the above-mentioned rulings for ten days. The remaining period of discharge is considered to be as Istihadha, and based on an obligatory precaution she should observe the prohibitions of the woman during lochia (Nifas) and act upon the rules of Istihadha for the completion of eighteen days.
If a woman is in her period, is there any restriction to the amount of Quran she may recite? Could she, for example, complete the entire Quran whilst on her period?
Such recitation is permissible although it is disliked, except that it is prohibited for her to recite the verses of prostration.
If on the first night of marriage the wife is having menstruation period, is sex forbidden?
It is prohibited to have sexual intercourse in the time of menstruation. Other sexual activities are permissible.
Can a woman during her menstrual period undertake a recommended ghusl (for example, the ghusl of Friday or the Night of Power)?
Yes, it is permissible with the hope that such ghusl is desired by Almighty Allah.
When does the woman reach the age of menopause as per the sharia?
If the woman was not a descendant of Qurasih, then the time of the Sharia-defined menopause is the age of fifty years. If she was a descendant of Quraish, then this time begins at the age of sixty years. However, if she knows that the blood that she has discharges is menstruation, even if her age is above the age of sharia defined menopause, she should apply the laws of menstruation to it.
For those who have a Sayyida mother, but whose father is not a Sayyid, do they follow the rules of being from Quraish in ascertaining the age of menopause?
The religious laws that depend on the age of menopause are based on being from Quraish from the father's side.
If I see menstrual-type bleeding for two days, then it stops for a day, and then the bleeding starts again and continues for another five days, will I consider all of it to be menstruation, or will I consider the first two days to be istihadha?
The bleeding is not considered as menstruation unless it lasts for a total of three days - even if it is separated with gaps - within a period of ten days. In the said circumstance, all of the bleeding will be considered menstruation.
What is the kaffara for having intercourse with the spouse during menstruation?
There is no obligatory kaffara but it is recommended. The recommended kaffara is 4.25 gm. of gold or its worth if the sexual intercourse was in the beginning of menstruation, half of this amount if it was in the middle of menstruation and its quarter if it occurred at the end.
It is sufficient to pay the value of the gold.
If the Dhuhr (noon) time has come, and after some time a woman starts her menstrual period before she started performing the prayer, is she still liable to offer the prayer?
If the woman starts the menstruation after the end of the preferred time of the prayer, she should make up this missed prayer after the end of the menstrual period as Qadha. In fact, as an obligatory precaution, she should still make up the missed prayer if sufficient time had passed for her to offer the prayer before the start of her period.
If during the first day of the menstruation a woman has menstrual bleeding, and then no bleeding for two days, and the following day she sees the bleeding for two days again, is it necessary for her to observe the rules of menstruation during the clear days?
In this situation, the woman should have the ghusl of menstruation and she offer the prayers during the clean days. If she did not do so then she must offer the prayers as qadha.
She should consider the periods of bleeding as menstruation, even if they were separated by clean periods.
In the evening, a woman checked that her menstrual bleeding had not ended. She overslept and missed the Morning Prayer, and later on when she woke up she found that he period had ended. Is it necessary for her to make up the Morning Prayer?
It is not obligatory to make up the Fajr (morning) prayer in the said case.
If a woman in her menstrual period hears the verse with the obligatory prostration, is she obligated to perform the prostration? Is it possible to do so without a hijab, and on a carpet?
Yes, it is obligatory on her to prostrate when hearing the verse of prostration. It is permissible without hijab, and based on an obligatory precaution it should be on natural earth like soil, stones, rocks and similar materials, or on what grows on earth provided that it is not consumed for food or worn as clothing.
Is intercourse allowed during the period of blood stains or spotting prior to the menstrual cycle?
If the woman sees spots of blood before the set day of her period by a day or two, such blood is considered as menstrual blood and it is prohibited to have sexual intercourse during such time.
Can a man or a woman in the state of janaba recite those verses which obligate prostration?
It is not permissible for the person in the state of janaba to recite the verses of prostration. He may recite the rest of the Quran.