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When does Prayer of Signs becomes obligatory?
The Prayer of Signs (Salat al-Ayat) is performed when the following events take place: lunar eclipses and solar eclipses, even if they do not cause fear; and every celestial event that causes fear, like thunderbolts and black storms; similarly, during earthquakes as an obligatory precaution, as well as during every earthly event that causes fear, such as great destruction, landslides, etc.
If we felt an earthquake, but do not perform the Prayer of Signs, will it still be necessary to perform it later?
If the duty-bound person is aware of the earthquake and did not offer the prayer during the time of the earthquake, it is obligatory to make it up based on compulsory precaution.
I know that in the prayers of signs one can recite Surat-ul Fatiha and then divide the other chapter like Surat-ul-Ikhlas in five parts. Do you raise your hands up and offer Takbir after each part of the surah before doing Ruku?
It is recommended to do so, although not obligatory.
In the prayers of signs, when do I offer the Qunoot?
It is recommended before the second, fourth, sixth, eighth and the tenth Ruku.
When can I start performing Ayat prayer for the lunar eclipse? At the beginning of the penumbral eclipse or at the beginning of umbral eclipse?
The time of the Prayer of Signs starts when the beginning of lunar eclipse becomes visible - and this may not be during the penumbral stage of the eclipse - and it ends when the moon returns to its normal state.
How does one perform the Prayer of Signs (Salatul-Aayat)?
The Prayer of Signs is prayed in two units. In each unit there are five bowings, whereby he will recite before each bowing the Suratul-Fatiha and another chapter of the Quran.
Alternatively, one may divide the second chapter recited into five parts and recite each part before each bowing without the need to repeat Suratul-Fatiha; after the fifth bowing, one will perform the two prostrations, and then rise again for the second unit and repeat what he did in the first unit, and end with the testimonies and the salutations as usual.