Yes, it is recommended to offer the Salam on every one of them (peace be upon them) after the prayers.

It is a two-Rak'ah prayer, to be offered sitting.

It has been narrated that it is of four rak'as - divided into prayers of two rak'as each. In each unit, one should recite fifty times the chapter of Tawheed after the recitation of the Fatiha.

The obligatory prayers must be offered while standing with the ability and freedom of choice, and it is not obligatory to offer them while standing with a justifiable excuse. Recommended prayers like the Witr prayer can be offered in sitting position, however it is recommended to offer it in two rak'as then.

Yes, it is permissible, but it was reported in texts narrated by the Ahlul-bait (peace be upon them) that it is not recommended.

There is nothing more required than being steady in the conventional and natural sense.

Yes, it is valid provided that other conditions of the prayer are fulfilled, such as the intention of seeking closeness to Almighty Allah.

Adalah – as a condition in the imam of the congregational prayer and in the witness – is a level of fearing Almighty Allah that leads to avoiding the committing of major sins. Committing small sins without insistence does not affect it.
Adalah – as a condition in the marja – is a high level of God-fearing which leads the person to refraining from disobeying the religious laws and committing sins – whether the sins are small or major. If on the rare occasion he commits a sin, he would rush to repent to Almighty Allah and seek his forgiveness.
A person who holds 'adālah is called "adil".

One must recite one full chapter after Al-Fatiha in obligatory prayers. Reciting one verse or a few verses is not sufficient. It is sufficient to do so in recommended prayers.

It is permissible to recite Tasbihaat three times or recite the Al-Fatihah. If the latter is chosen, the Bismillah should be recited silently during the mentioned rak'as.

If the said property is used by a person without paying its due rent then he is considered as a ghasib (usurper) and the prayer in such a place - if he is attentive of the fact that it is prohibited - is void.

Based on an obligatory precaution, one should only recite one Surah after Surah al-Fatiha. But one can recite a further Surah if it is not intended to be a part of the prayers, but just as additional recitation of the Holy Quran.

The detailed rulings on the prayer is mentioned in the books of religious rulings and edicts. We can point out some differences to consider, like the following:
a) Reciting the ‘Bismillah…’ in the chapter of al-Fatiha.
b) Reciting one full chapter after the chapter of Fatiha, including ‘Bismillah…’
c) Prostrating on earth or what grows on it, provided that it is not consumed for food , or worn as clothing.
d) Wiping the feet in wudhu, instead of washing them.
e) Wiping the head and feed with the wetness of the wudhu from washing the arms.
f) In performing obligatory Ghusl, it is a condition to start with the head.

Yes, it is permissible, and there is no obligatory order.

It is sufficient in the bowing position to recite "Subhana Rabbiyal-Adheem wa bi-Hamdih", or "Subhanallah" three times. It is also sufficient to recite any sort of "dhikr" that consists of praising Allah, like "Alhamdulillah" thrice, reciting Takbir thrice or reciting "La Ilaha Illallah" thrice, provided that the said is equivalent to "Subhanallah" three times. The same applies to prostration except that "Subhana Rabbiyal-Aala wa bi-Hamdih" is to be recited instead of "Subhana Rabbiyal-Adheem wa bi-Hamdih". But, it is not sufficient to recite, "Subhana Rabbiyal-Aala wa bi-Hamdih" in bowing, nor is it sufficient to recite, "Subhana Rabbiyal-Adheem wa bi-Hamdih" in prostration.

Your prayer is invalid in this case and you are obligated to perform it again correctly.

The prayer ends with Tasleem, and it is recommended to recite Takbeer three times after the prayer, raising the hands each time.

Work is not prohibited after the Adhan on Fridays, since one has the choice at that time between offering Friday prayer or Dhuhr prayer, and the obligation is in between these two choices.

One must make up the missed prayers, whether they were missed during the holy months or not. They should be made up as long as he is able to do so. There is no designated time for it. So, the make-up can be delayed, but it should not be considered as neglection of the orders of Almighty Allah.

The obligatory takbeer is only the takbeerat'ul-ihtam. The rest of the takbeers are recommended and not obligatory.