The distance is considered from the edge of the city if the city is small. In large cities, the distance is considered from the edge of the area where the individual resides. The distance is 23 km.
Your fasting is void and you should make up that day. If you knew that the time of fasting had began and still broke the fast then you should pay Kaffara as well.
There is no doubt that being ungrateful to one's parents (Uqooq) in any form is amongst the greatest prohibitions, and the committer of such a sin has been warned by Almighty Allah with the punishment in hellfire.
